Rule one: replace with the same specification
The manufacturer's A41 battery guidance states the replacement rule plainly: replace the battery with one of the same specification. That is the whole discipline in one sentence, and everything in this guide is an unpacking of it. "Same specification" means, in order: same voltage platform, same chemistry unless the vehicle was published in both, same capacity class, and a physical fitment that matches the vehicle's battery compartment and connectors.
Step 1 — Fix the voltage platform
The range runs three platforms, and they are not interchangeable. 48V serves the commuter and mobility end (the A11's 48V 20Ah lead-acid pack is the type example). 60V serves the Citycoco and mid-size motorcycle families (60V 12Ah/20Ah removable lithium on the EH series; 60V 32Ah lead-acid on the ZL8/ZL9). 72V serves the heavy end (the A31's 72V 58Ah; the A41's 72V 106Ah lithium; the TTX's 72V 32Ah lead-acid). A 60V pack in a 48V vehicle — or the reverse — is not an upgrade or a compromise; it is a mismatch that the controller and charger were never specified for. The platform map is laid out on the batteries, motors and controllers page.
Step 2 — Match the chemistry the model publishes
Chemistry must be read off the vehicle and its order paperwork, not assumed from a web page — the A31 shows why: its detail page lists its 72V 58Ah battery without naming a chemistry, while its agricultural variant page names lead-acid. An unnamed chemistry is not a second chemistry; it is an unconfirmed one, and the replacement follows the unit actually fitted. Lithium and lead-acid packs of the same voltage behave differently under charge and load, use different chargers, and differ greatly in weight: a like-for-like swap keeps the vehicle's published range, charging time and handling intact. A chemistry change is a conversion, and it should be treated as a manufacturer-confirmed configuration change, not a parts purchase.
Step 3 — Capacity: the published ladder
Capacity decides range, and the published ladder is consistent enough to plan with:
- 20 Ah at 48 V gives the A11 its 40 km.
- 32 Ah at 60 V gives the A21 and the SL their 60–70 km.
- 58 Ah at 72 V gives the A31 its 70–85 km.
- 106 Ah at 72 V is the A41's pack — the largest battery published with a full specification in this range; its range figure is published on the A41's own page.
Models published with two fitments — the EH01 and EH02 at 12Ah and 20Ah — show the same arithmetic within one model: the bigger pack carries the bigger travel-distance figure and the longer charging time. When a replacement offers a larger capacity for the same model, that is legitimate only where the model publishes that fitment; an unlisted capacity in the same box size is a specification change, with the charging-time and fitment questions that follow.
Step 4 — Fitment: removable packs make it easy
The EH01/EH02's removable lithium batteries turn replacement into a swap: pack out, pack in, and the old unit goes to recycling. Fixed installations — the cargo family's under-bed packs, the A41's 106Ah unit — are workshop jobs involving weight, connectors and the controller pairing. Either way, two habits protect the new pack: charge it under supervision on its first cycles, and record its early-life range on your standard route. That record is the baseline the battery life guide tells you to compare against as the pack ages — for the A41, the manufacturer's note puts the common aging window at 1.5–2 years; other models carry no published benchmark, which is exactly why the record matters.
When replacement is not the answer
Not every range complaint is the battery. The published fault guidance lists voltage drop, charging failure and controller-adjacent symptoms that can mimic a dead pack; a vehicle whose "battery problem" is actually a charger or controller fault will eat its new pack the same way. Work the troubleshooting guide first — swelling, leakage or a pack past its service life with documented range loss are replacement cases; an electrical symptom on a young pack is a diagnosis case. And when you do replace, dispose of the old pack through a battery recycling route: lithium and lead-acid packs are both hazardous waste streams, not bin items.
A worked example: replacing an EH01 pack
Walk the four steps on the range's best-documented model. The EH01 publishes two fitments — 12Ah and 20Ah, both 60V removable lithium — behind travel distances of 40 km and 70 km and charging times of 6 and 8 hours. Step 1, platform: 60V, read off the vehicle. Step 2, chemistry: lithium, removable — the replacement must be the removable lithium pack, not a fixed lead-acid set of the same voltage. Step 3, capacity: either published fitment is legitimate for the model, so the choice is a range decision — with which distance and charging time belong to which fitment, and whether the other fitment can be swapped in, confirmed in writing before the order; a rider replacing like with like orders the fitment already fitted. Step 4, fitment: confirm the pack is the EH01's removable unit, since the EH02's removable packs are a different model's hardware. Four steps, no guesswork — and every fact used came off the model's published page.
The paperwork half of a replacement
Dealers and fleets should record each replacement the way they record a vehicle sale: model code, pack specification as fitted, date, and the vehicle's early-life range on its standard route. That record is the baseline for the next aging assessment, the evidence for any warranty conversation, and the answer to the next buyer's first question. A replacement pack without a record is a story; with a record, it is a specification.
Buying the replacement: what to put in writing
A replacement-pack order should carry five written items: the vehicle model code, the platform voltage, the chemistry, the capacity as fitted, and the fitment type (removable or fixed). Those five items are the "same specification" rule made contractual — and they protect both sides, because a pack supplied against a written specification can be checked on arrival, while a pack ordered as "one for the scooter" cannot. For models published with two fitments, the order should also state which fitment is being supplied and the range and charging time that belong to it, taken from the model's page — the EH01 publishes its two fitments with the two distance figures (40 km and 70 km) and the two charging times (6 hours and 8 hours) listed side by side; which figure belongs to which fitment is one of the written confirmations. Keep the order with the vehicle's papers; it becomes part of the service record described above.